A wealth of Ecosystems
Kenya owes it rich biodiversity and natural capital to a diversity of environments, fashioned by topography and episodic changes in climate and habitat. No less important are the evolution, migrations and growing impact of humans on the landscape. Kenya’s environment today is an amalgam of natural, modified and manufactured landscapes. By unEarthing the forces that shaped the habitats, plants, animals and cultures we gain a deeper understanding of the living realms that underpin the economy and society of modern Kenya.
Kenya’s modern landscape of farms, ranches, indigenous and plantation forests, natural and irrigated wetlands, national parks and rangelands, scattered villages and crowded towns cannot be understood without taking account of the growth and activity of Kenya’s people in recent decades. Neither can the nature, growth and shape of Kenya’s economy and society be understood or managed properly without taking account of its diverse environments and ecology. How efficiently and sustainably Kenya uses and maintains its biodiversity and natural capital for economic development and human wellbeing depends on our knowledge and husbandry of Kenya’s varied environments.
Physical Landscape
Mountain, hills, plateaus and plains, because of their aesthetic value, are important tourist attractions. Mountains and hills also regulate river flows and prevent flooding; help recharge ground-water tables; improve soil fertility; help regulate local climate conditions; are part of cultural ceremonies and form sacred groves or sites; harbour forests; and are important as wildlife habitats (flora and fauna) and watersheds. Tourism contributed US$ 1.2 billion in 2011 (KNBS 2012) and provides employment to 300 000 Kenyans.
Climate
Temperatures across Kenya vary with relief, season, rainfall and cloud cover. The northern and eastern lowlands reach maximum average temperatures in excess of 35° C and the central highlands of less than 18° C. Temperatures in the afro-alpine zone of Mt. Kenya drop below freezing every night.
Water and drainage basins
Water is used for various purposes including domestic use, agricultural production (livestock, crops, both rainfed and irrigated), industrial use, energy generation , wildlife habitat (flora and fauna), food production (e.g. fish), mangrove habitat, corals, tourism, transport, climate regulation, grazing, flood control and erosion control.